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The proper orthogonal decomposition is a numerical method that enables a reduction in the complexity of computer intensive simulations such as computational fluid dynamics and structural analysis (like crash simulations). Typically in fluid dynamics and turbulences analysis, it is used to replace the Navier–Stokes equations by simpler models to solve.^[1]

It belongs to a class of algorithms called model order reduction (or in short model reduction). What it essentially does is to train a model based on simulation data. To this extent, it can be associated with the field of machine learning.

^ Berkooz, G; Holmes, P; Lumley, J L (January 1993). "The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in the Analysis of Turbulent Flows". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 25 (1): 539–575. Bibcode:1993AnRFM..25..539B. doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.25.010193.002543. ISSN 0066-4189.