Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium chloride
	Other names Sal ammoniac; Salmiac; Nushadir salt; Sal armagnac; Ammonium Muriate; Amchlor; Salt armoniack; Salmiak;
Identifiers
CAS Number	12125-02-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31206 ;
ChemSpider	23807 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.976
EC Number	235-186-4;
KEGG	D01139 ;
PubChem CID	25517;
RTECS number	BP4550000;
UNII	01Q9PC255D ;
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0020078 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 Key: NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 Key: NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYAI;
	SMILES [Cl-].[NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	ClH4N
Molar mass	53.49 g·mol−1
Appearance	White or colorless crystalline solid, hygroscopic
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.519 g/cm3
Melting point	338 °C (640 °F)
Sublimation; conditions	Decomposes at 337.6 °C at 1 atm; ΔdecompHo = 176.1 kJ/mol
Solubility in water	244 g/L (−15 °C); 294 g/L (0 °C); 383.0 g/L (25 °C); 454.4 g/L (40 °C); 740.8 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)	30.9 (395 g/L)
Solubility	Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, ; Slightly soluble in acetone; Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate
Solubility in methanol	32 g/kg (17 °C); 33.5 g/kg (19 °C); 35.4 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	6 g/L (19 °C)
Solubility in glycerol	97 g/kg
Solubility in sulfur dioxide	0.09 g/kg (0 °C); 0.031 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in acetic acid	0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)
Vapor pressure	133.3 Pa (160.4 °C); 6.5 kPa (250 °C); 33.5 kPa (300 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	9.24
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-36.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.642 (20 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	CsCl, cP2
Space group	Pm3m, No. 221
Lattice constant	a = 0.3876 nm
Formula units (Z)	1
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	84.1 J/mol·K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	94.56 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−314.43 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−202.97 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	B05XA04 (WHO) G04BA01 (WHO)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H319
Precautionary statements	P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1650 mg/kg (rats, oral)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 mg/m3 ST 20 mg/m3 (as fume)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1051
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium fluoride; Ammonium bromide; Ammonium iodide
Other cations	Sodium chloride; Potassium chloride; Hydroxylammonium chloride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula N H₄Cl, also written as [NH₄]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH₄]⁺ and chloride anions Cl⁻. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as salammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is a product of the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ammonium chloride Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.
^ Cite error: The named reference Wiberg&Holleman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion.
^ "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonium chloride. Retrieved on 2014-06-11.
^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[b92-1] Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.

[chemister-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ammonium chloride Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.

[Wiberg&Holleman-3] Cite error: The named reference Wiberg&Holleman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[sioc-4] Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion.

[slm-5] "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2014.

[pphoic-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.

[sigma-7] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonium chloride. Retrieved on 2014-06-11.

[8] Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.

[9] Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.

[NIOSH-10] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

Names


IUPAC name Ammonium chloride
Other names Sal ammoniac Salmiac Nushadir salt Sal armagnac Ammonium Muriate Amchlor Salt armoniack Salmiak
Identifiers
CAS Number	12125-02-9^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:31206^Y
ChemSpider	23807^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.976
EC Number	235-186-4
KEGG	D01139^Y
PubChem CID	25517
RTECS number	BP4550000
UNII	01Q9PC255D^Y
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0020078
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3^Y Key: NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 Key: NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES [Cl-].[NH4+]
Properties
Chemical formula	ClH₄N
Molar mass	53.49 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	White or colorless crystalline solid, hygroscopic
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.519 g/cm³^[1]
Melting point	338 °C (640 °F)
Sublimation conditions	Decomposes at 337.6 °C at 1 atm^[2] Δ_decompH^o = 176.1 kJ/mol^[3]
Solubility in water	244 g/L (−15 °C) 294 g/L (0 °C) 383.0 g/L (25 °C) 454.4 g/L (40 °C) 740.8 g/L (100 °C)^[4]
Solubility product (K_sp)	30.9 (395 g/L)^[5]
Solubility	Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, Slightly soluble in acetone Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate^[2]
Solubility in methanol	32 g/kg (17 °C) 33.5 g/kg (19 °C) 35.4 g/kg (25 °C)^[2]
Solubility in ethanol	6 g/L (19 °C)^[6]
Solubility in glycerol	97 g/kg^[2]
Solubility in sulfur dioxide	0.09 g/kg (0 °C) 0.031 g/kg (25 °C)^[2]
Solubility in acetic acid	0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)^[2]
Vapor pressure	133.3 Pa (160.4 °C)^[7] 6.5 kPa (250 °C) 33.5 kPa (300 °C)^[6]
Acidity (pK_a)	9.24
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-36.7·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol^[8]
Refractive index (n_D)	1.642 (20 °C)^[2]
Structure
Crystal structure	CsCl, cP2^[9]
Space group	Pm3m, No. 221
Lattice constant	a = 0.3876 nm
Formula units (Z)	1
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	84.1 J/mol·K^[6]
Std molar entropy (S^⦵₂₉₈)	94.56 J/mol·K^[6]
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	−314.43 kJ/mol^[6]
Gibbs free energy (Δ_fG^⦵)	−202.97 kJ/mol^[6]
Pharmacology
ATC code	B05XA04 (WHO) G04BA01 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms	^[7]
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H319^[7]
Precautionary statements	P305+P351+P338^[7]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	1650 mg/kg (rats, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none^[10]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 mg/m³ ST 20 mg/m³ (as fume)^[10]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.^[10]
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1051
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium fluoride Ammonium bromide Ammonium iodide
Other cations	Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Hydroxylammonium chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references