Chloride

Chloride anion
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name Chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	16887-00-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	3587171
ChEBI	CHEBI:17996;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL19429 ;
ChemSpider	306 ;
Gmelin Reference	14910
IUPHAR/BPS	2339;
KEGG	C00698 ;
PubChem CID	312;
UNII	Q32ZN48698 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M ;
	SMILES [Cl-];
Properties
Chemical formula	Cl−
Molar mass	35.45 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid	Hydrogen chloride
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	153.36 J·K−1·mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−167 kJ·mol−1
Related compounds
Other anions	Fluoride; Bromide; Iodide;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine ion (Cl⁻), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). Many inorganic chlorides are salts. Many organic compounds are chlorides. The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.^[3]

The chlorine ion is an anion (negatively charged ion) with the charge Cl⁻. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water.^[4] It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides are sodium chloride NaCl, calcium chloride CaCl₂ and ammonium chloride [NH₄]Cl.

The chloride is also a neutral chlorine atom covalently bonded by a single bond to the rest of the molecule. For example, methyl chloride CH₃Cl is an organic compound with a covalent C−Cl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion. Other examples of covalent chlorides are carbon tetrachloride CCl₄, sulfuryl chloride SO₂Cl₂ and monochloramine NH₂Cl.

^ "Chloride ion - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
^ ^a ^b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A21. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, p. 143, ISBN 9781405881180
^ Green, John, and Sadru Damji. "Chapter 3." Chemistry. Camberwell, Vic.: IBID, 2001. Print.

[1] "Chloride ion - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.

[b1-2] Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A21. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[3] Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, p. 143, ISBN 9781405881180

[auto-4] Green, John, and Sadru Damji. "Chapter 3." Chemistry. Camberwell, Vic.: IBID, 2001. Print.

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