Jeepney

A jeepney (Tagalog: [ˈdʒipnɪ]), or simply a jeep (Tagalog: [ˈdʒip]), is a type of public utility vehicle (PUV) that serves as the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines.^[1] It is known for its crowded seating and kitsch decorations, which have become a widespread symbol of Philippine culture and art.^[2] At the 1964 New York World's Fair, a Sarao jeepney was exhibited in the Philippine pavilion as a national symbol for Filipinos.^[3][4]

Jeepneys originate from the American colonial period–share taxis known as "auto calesas", commonly shortened to "AC". These evolved to modified imported cars with attached carriages in the 1930s which served as a cheap passenger utility vehicles in Manila. These vehicles were mostly destroyed in World War II. The need for replacement transport vehicles led to the use of U.S. military jeeps left over from the war, which became the template for the modern jeepney.^[5] The word jeepney is a portmanteau of post–World War II "jeep" and pre-war "jitney", both words common slang in the popular vernacular of the era.^[6][7][3][8]

An estimated 600,000 drivers nationwide depend on driving jeepneys for their livelihood.^[9] In Metro Manila, an estimated 9 million commuters take the jeepney each day.^[10]