Manidae

Manidae; Temporal range: middle Eocene - present
	Living species of pangolins
Conservation status
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Pholidotamorpha
Order:	Pholidota
Suborder:	Eupholidota
Superfamily:	Manoidea
Family:	Manidae; Gray, 1821
Type genus
	Manis; Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
	[see classification]
	Species ranges: Manis crassicaudata ; Manis pentadactyla ; Manis javanica ; Manis culionensis ; Phataginus tricuspis ; Phataginus tetradactyla ; Smutsia gigantea ; Smutsia temminckii ;
Synonyms
	list of synonyms: Manida (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992) ; Manididae (Gray, 1865) ; Manina (Gray, 1825) ; Manisia (Rafinesque, 1815) ; Perilepia (Rafinesque, 1815) ;

Manidae ("spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins from superfamily Manoidea.^[5] This family comprises three genera (Manis from subfamily Maninae, Phataginus from subfamily Phatagininae, and Smutsia from subfamily Smutsiinae),^[6]^[7] as well as extinct Fayum pangolin.^[8]

^ Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals"
^ J. E. Gray. (1821.) "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals." The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310
^ "The CITES Appendices". Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. CITES. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
^ J. E. Gray. (1825.) "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe." Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:337-344
^ Cite error: The named reference web2.utc.edu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Schlitter, Duane A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
^ Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359
^ Daniel Gebo, D. Tab Rasmussen (1985.) "The Earliest Fossil Pangolin (Pholidota: Manidae) from Africa" Journal of Mammalogy 66(3):538

[Heighton2023-1] Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals"

[2] J. E. Gray. (1821.) "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals." The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

[CITES-3] "The CITES Appendices". Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. CITES. Retrieved 28 January 2019.

[4] J. E. Gray. (1825.) "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe." Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:337-344

[web2.utc.edu-5] Cite error: The named reference web2.utc.edu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] Schlitter, Duane A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

[Gaubert2018-7] Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359

[8] Daniel Gebo, D. Tab Rasmussen (1985.) "The Earliest Fossil Pangolin (Pholidota: Manidae) from Africa" Journal of Mammalogy 66(3):538

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Manidae Temporal range: middle Eocene - present^[1]

Living species of pangolins
Conservation status
CITES Appendix I (CITES)^[3]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Pholidotamorpha
Order:	Pholidota
Suborder:	Eupholidota
Superfamily:	Manoidea
Family:	Manidae Gray, 1821^[2]
Type genus
Manis Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
[see classification]

Species ranges: Manis crassicaudata Manis pentadactyla Manis javanica Manis culionensis Phataginus tricuspis Phataginus tetradactyla Smutsia gigantea Smutsia temminckii
Synonyms
list of synonyms: Manida (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992) Manididae (Gray, 1865) Manina (Gray, 1825)^[4] Manisia (Rafinesque, 1815) Perilepia (Rafinesque, 1815)