City Lights

City Lights
Theatrical release poster by Hap Hadley[1]
Directed by	Charlie Chaplin
Written by	Charlie Chaplin
Produced by	Charlie Chaplin
Starring	Charlie Chaplin Virginia Cherrill Florence Lee Harry Myers Al Ernest Garcia
Cinematography	Roland Totheroh Gordon Pollock
Edited by	Charlie Chaplin Willard Nico
Music by	Charlie Chaplin Flower Girl's theme by José Padilla[2] Orchestrated by Arthur Johnston and Alfred Newman
Distributed by	United Artists
Release date	January 30, 1931 (1931-01-30)
Running time	87 minutes
Country	United States
Languages	Synchronized Sound English Intertitles
Budget	$1.5 million
Box office	$4.25 million (worldwide rentals)[3]

City Lights is a 1931 American synchronized sound romantic comedy-drama film written, produced, directed by, and starring Charlie Chaplin. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects. The story follows the misadventures of Chaplin's Tramp as he falls in love with a blind girl (Virginia Cherrill) and develops a turbulent friendship with an alcoholic millionaire (Harry Myers).

Although talking pictures (or films with recorded dialogue) were on the rise when Chaplin started developing the script in 1928, he decided to continue working without dialogue only incorporating sound with the use of a synchronized musical score with sound effects. Filming started in December 1928 and ended in September 1930. City Lights marked the first time Chaplin composed the film score to one of his productions and it was written in six weeks with Arthur Johnston. The main theme, used as a leitmotif for the blind flower girl, is the song "La Violetera" ("Who'll Buy my Violets") from Spanish composer José Padilla. Chaplin lost a lawsuit to Padilla for not crediting him.

City Lights was immediately successful upon release on January 30, 1931, with positive reviews and worldwide rentals of more than $4 million. Today, many critics consider it not only the highest accomplishment of Chaplin's career, but one of the greatest films of all time. Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance believes "City Lights is not only Charles Chaplin's masterpiece; it is an act of defiance" as it premiered four years into the era of sound films which began with the premiere of The Jazz Singer (1927).^[4] In 1991, the Library of Congress selected City Lights for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[5][6] In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked it 11th on its list of the best American films ever made. In 1949, the critic James Agee called the film's final scene "the greatest single piece of acting ever committed to celluloid".^[7]