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&sq=starlink&lang=en&file=File:NaCl_0,9%25_500ml_white_background.jpg) Saline solution for intravenous infusion | |
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| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous, topical, subcutaneous |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | ClNa |
| Molar mass | 58.44 g·mol−1 |
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Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water.[1] It has a number of uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal and storage of contact lenses, and help with dry eyes.[2] By injection into a vein, it is used to treat dehydration such as that from gastroenteritis and diabetic ketoacidosis.[2][1] Large amounts may result in fluid overload, swelling, acidosis, and high blood sodium.[1][2] In those with long-standing low blood sodium, excessive use may result in osmotic demyelination syndrome.[2]
Saline is in the crystalloid family of medications.[3] It is most commonly used as a sterile 9 g of salt per litre (0.9%) solution, known as normal saline.[1] Higher and lower concentrations may also occasionally be used.[4][5] Saline is acidic, with a pH of 5.5 (due mainly to dissolved carbon dioxide).[6]
The medical use of saline began around 1831.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] In 2020, sodium was the 274th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[9][10]
- ^ a b c d "Sodium Chloride Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d British national formulary : BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 683, 770. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ Marini JJ, Wheeler AP (2010). Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 54. ISBN 9780781798396. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
- ^ "Hypertonic Saline - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ Pestana C (2000). Fluids and Electrolytes in the Surgical Patient. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 11. ISBN 9780781724258. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
- ^ Reddi BA (2013). "Why is saline so acidic (and does it really matter?)". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 10 (6): 747–750. doi:10.7150/ijms.5868. PMC 3638298. PMID 23630439.
- ^ Bozzetti F, Staun M, van Gossum A (2014). Home Parenteral Nutrition (2nd ed.). CABI. p. 4. ISBN 9781780643113. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ "Sodium Salts - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
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