Muscle cell

Muscle cell
Muscle cell
	General structure of a skeletal muscle cell and neuromuscular junction: Axon; Neuromuscular junction; Skeletal muscle fiber; Myofibril;
Details
Location	Muscle
Identifiers
Latin	myocytus
MeSH	D032342
TH	H2.00.05.0.00002
FMA	67328
	Anatomical terms of microanatomy

A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal.^[1] In humans and other vertebrates there are three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac (cardiomyocytes).^[2] A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber.^[3] Muscle cells develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts.^[1]

Skeletal muscle cells form by fusion of myoblasts to produce multinucleated cells (syncytia) in a process known as myogenesis.^[4]^[5] Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres and form a striated muscle tissue.^[6]

Cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart chambers, and have a single central nucleus.^[7] Cardiac muscle cells are joined to neighboring cells by intercalated discs, and when joined in a visible unit they are described as a cardiac muscle fiber.^[8]

Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the esophagus and stomach. The Smooth muscle has no myofibrils or sarcomeres and is therefore non-striated. Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus.

^ ^a ^b Myocytes at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Brunet, Thibaut; et al. (2016). "The evolutionary origin of bilaterian smooth and striated myocytes". eLife. 5: 1. doi:10.7554/elife.19607. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5167519.
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. (2011). Human anatomy (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780071222075.
^ Scott, W; Stevens, J; Binder-Macleod, SA (2001). "Human skeletal muscle fiber type classifications". Physical Therapy. 81 (11): 1810–1816. doi:10.1093/ptj/81.11.1810. PMID 11694174. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015.
^ "Does anyone know why skeletal muscle fibers have peripheral nuclei, but the cardiomyocytes not? What are the functional advantages?". Archived from the original on 19 September 2017.
^ Betts, J. Gordon; Young, Kelly A.; Wise, James A.; Johnson, Eddie; Poe, Brandon; Kruse, Dean H.; Korol, Oksana; Johnson, Jody E.; Womble, Mark; Desaix, Peter (6 March 2013). "Cardiac muscle tissue". Retrieved 3 May 2021.
^ "Muscle tissues". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
^ "Atrial structure, fibers, and conduction" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2021.

[MeSH-1] Myocytes at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[Brunet_2016-2] Brunet, Thibaut; et al. (2016). "The evolutionary origin of bilaterian smooth and striated myocytes". eLife. 5: 1. doi:10.7554/elife.19607. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5167519.

[Saladin2011-3] Saladin, Kenneth S. (2011). Human anatomy (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780071222075.

[scott-4] Scott, W; Stevens, J; Binder-Macleod, SA (2001). "Human skeletal muscle fiber type classifications". Physical Therapy. 81 (11): 1810–1816. doi:10.1093/ptj/81.11.1810. PMID 11694174. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015.

[5] "Does anyone know why skeletal muscle fibers have peripheral nuclei, but the cardiomyocytes not? What are the functional advantages?". Archived from the original on 19 September 2017.

[opentext-6] Betts, J. Gordon; Young, Kelly A.; Wise, James A.; Johnson, Eddie; Poe, Brandon; Kruse, Dean H.; Korol, Oksana; Johnson, Jody E.; Womble, Mark; Desaix, Peter (6 March 2013). "Cardiac muscle tissue". Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[7] "Muscle tissues". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.

[RBHT-8] "Atrial structure, fibers, and conduction" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2021.

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