Back Ölümsüzlük (daosizm) Azerbaijani Diwatang Siyan BCL জিয়ান (তাওবাদ) Bengali/Bangla Xianren Catalan Siĕng-ìng CDO Nesmrtelnost (taoismus) Czech Xian (Mythologie) German Seres Iluminados (taoísmo) Spanish سن نین Persian Immortel taoïste French
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Major cultural forms
Main philosophical traditions: Ritual traditions: Devotional traditions:
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A xian (simplified Chinese: 仙; traditional Chinese: 僊; pinyin: xiān; Wade–Giles: hsien) is any manner of immortal or mythical being within the Taoist pantheon or Chinese folklore. Xian has often been translated into English as "immortal" or "wizard".
Traditionally, xian refers to entities who have attained immortality and supernatural or magical abilities later in life, with a connection to the heavenly realms inaccessible to mortals. This is often achieved through spiritual self-cultivation, alchemy, or worship by others.[2] This is different from the gods (deities) in Chinese mythology and Taoism.
Xian is also used as a descriptor to refer to often benevolent figures of great historical, spiritual and cultural significance. The Quanzhen School of Daoism had a variety of definitions for xian during its history, including a metaphorical meaning where the term simply means a good, principled person.[3]
Xian have been venerated from ancient times to the modern day in a variety of ways across different cultures and religious sects in China.[4][5][6]
In China, "gods(deities)" and "xian" are often mentioned together as "神仙".
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Werner1922was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:18was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Palmer, Martin (1999). The Elements of Taoism. United States: Barnes & Noble Books. p. 89. ISBN 0-7607-1078-3.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:7was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Wilson, Andrew, ed. (1995). World Scripture: A Comparative Anthology of Sacred Texts (1st paperback ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: Paragon House Publishers. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-55778-723-1.
- ^ Stevenson, Jay (2000). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. pp. 13, 224, 352. ISBN 978-0-02-863820-1.
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