Back Wu Xing Afrikaans نظرية العناصر الخمسة Arabic Wu Xing BCL Cinc processos (Wuxing) Catalan Ngū-hèng CDO Pět prvků Czech De fem faser Danish Fünf-Elemente-Lehre German Ου Σιν Greek Skolo de la kvin elementoj Esperanto
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Wuxing (Chinese: 五行; pinyin: wǔxíng),[a] usually translated as Five Phases or Five Agents,[2] is a fivefold conceptual scheme used in many traditional Chinese fields of study to explain a wide array of phenomena, including terrestrial and celestial relationships, influences, and cycles, that characterise the interactions and relationships within science, medicine, politics, religion and social relationships and education within Chinese culture.
The five agents are traditionally associated with the classical planets Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn as depicted in the etymological section below. In ancient Chinese astronomy and astrology, that spread throughout East Asia, was a reflection of the seven-day planetary order of Fire, Water, Wood, Metal, Earth.[3][b] When in their "heavenly stems" generative cycle as represented in the below cycles section and depicted in the diagram above running consecutively clockwise (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water).[8] When in their overacting destructive arrangement of Wood, Earth, Water, Fire, Metal, natural disasters, calamity, illnesses and disease will ensue.
The wuxing system has been in use since the second or first century BCE during the Han dynasty. It appears in many seemingly disparate fields of early Chinese thought, including music, feng shui, alchemy, astrology, martial arts, military strategy, I Ching divination, religion and traditional medicine, serving as a metaphysics based on cosmic analogy.
- ^ Hayashi, Makoto; Hayek, Matthias (2013). "Editors' Introduction: Onmyodo in Japanese History". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies: 3. doi:10.18874/jjrs.40.1.2013.1-18. ISSN 0304-1042.
- ^ Theobald, Ulrich (2011) "Yin-Yang and Five Agents Theory, Correlative Thinking" in ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
- ^ The Chinese encyclopaedia Cihai (辭海), under the entry for "seven luminaries calendar" (七曜曆, qī yào lì), describes the "method of recording days according to the seven luminaries [七曜 qī yào]." China normally observes the following order: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Seven days make one week, which is repeated in a cycle. This method -- originating in ancient Babylon (or ancient Egypt according to one theory), used by the Romans at the time of the 1st century CE, and later transmitted to other countries -- existed in China in the 4th century AD. It was also transmitted to China by Manichaeans in the 8th century AD from the country of Kang (康) in Central Asia (translation after Bathrobe's Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese & Vietnamese, plus Mongolian and Buryat (cjvlang.com)).
- ^ Clinical Acupuncture & Moxibustion. Tianjin Science & Technology. 1996. ISBN 9787543309425.
- ^ Deng Yu; Zhu Shuanli; Xu Peng; Deng Hai (2000). "五行阴阳的特征与新英译" [Characteristics and a New English Translation of Wu Xing and Yin-Yang]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 20 (12): 937. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16.
- ^ Deng Yu et al; Fresh Translator of Zang Xiang Fractal five System，Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine; 1999
- ^ Deng Yu et al，TCM Fractal Sets 中医分形集，Journal of Mathematical Medicine，1999，12（3），264-265
- ^ Duveen, Joan (2022). Applying stems and branches acupuncture in clinical practice: dynamic dualities in classical Chinese medicine. London ; Philadelphia: Singing Dragon. ISBN 978-1-78775-370-9. OCLC 1308434289.
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