Tumen (unit)

Tumen, or tümen ("unit of ten thousand";^[1] Old Turkic: tümän;^[2] Mongolian: Түмэн, tümen;^[3]^[4] Turkish: tumën), was a decimal unit of measurement used by the Turkic and Mongol peoples to quantify and organize their societies in groups of 10,000. A tumen denotes an administrative unit of 10,000 households, or a military unit of 10,000 soldiers.

English Orientalist Sir Gerard Clauson (1891-1974) defined tümän as immediately borrowed from Tokharian tmān, which according to Edwin G. Pulleyblank might have been etymologically inherited from Old Chinese tman or 萬.^[5]

^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - toman Archived 2007-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1965). Türkische Elemente im Neupersischen : alif bis tā / [Doerfer, Gerhard]. Vol. 2. Steiner. p. 632. doi:10.25673/38110.
^ Vietze, Wörterbuch Mongolisch - Deutsch, VEB 1988
^ The Silk Road And The Korean Language
^ Clauson, Gerard (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford, Clarendon Press. p. 507. ISBN 0198641125.