Thioredoxin

TXN
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4TRX, 1AIU, 1AUC, 1CQG, 1CQH, 1ERT, 1ERU, 1ERV, 1ERW, 1MDI, 1MDJ, 1MDK, 1TRS, 1TRU, 1TRV, 1TRW, 2HSH, 2HXK, 2IFQ, 2IIY, 3E3E, 3KD0, 3M9J, 3M9K, 3QFA, 3QFB, 3TRX, 4LL1, 4LL4, 4OO4, 4OO5, 4POK, 4POL, 4POM, 4PUF, 5DQY
Identifiers
Aliases	TXN, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, thioredoxin, Trx80
External IDs	OMIM: 187700; MGI: 98874; HomoloGene: 128202; GeneCards: TXN; OMA:TXN - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9q31.3 Start 110,243,810 bp[1] End 110,256,507 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 B3|4 31.87 cM Start 57,943,373 bp[2] End 57,956,411 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gingival epithelium mucosa of pharynx oral cavity epithelium of nasopharynx mucosa of sigmoid colon mucosa of esophagus mucosa of transverse colon human penis body of tongue nasal epithelium Top expressed in jejunum ileum colon granulocyte duodenum proximal tubule synovial joint thymus esophagus right kidney More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein-disulfide reductase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor protein binding thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)) activity RNA binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular exosome nucleus cytoplasm mitochondrion cytosol nucleoplasm Biological process activation of protein kinase B activity positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion glycerol ether metabolic process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated cell-cell signaling negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cell redox homeostasis transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation negative regulation of protein export from nucleus response to radiation positive regulation of DNA binding negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death cell population proliferation signal transduction protein repair cellular oxidant detoxification cellular response to oxidative stress Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7295 22166 Ensembl ENSG00000136810 ENSMUSG00000028367 UniProt P10599 P10639 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003329 NM_001244938 NM_011660 RefSeq (protein) NP_001231867 NP_003320 NP_035790 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 110.24 – 110.26 Mb Chr 4: 57.94 – 57.96 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Thioredoxin (TRX or TXN) is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes.^[5][6] Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the developing embryo. Although not entirely understood, thioredoxin is linked to medicine through their response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In plants, thioredoxins regulate a spectrum of critical functions, ranging from photosynthesis to growth, flowering and the development and germination of seeds. Thioredoxins play a role in cell-to-cell communication.^[7]