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Thai people

This article is about the ethnic group. For the population of Thailand, see Demographics of Thailand.
Thai people
Thai female and male dancers (1924)
Total population
c. 52–59 million[a]
Regions with significant populations
Thailand c. 51–57.8 million[nb 1][1][2][3]
Thai diaspora
c. 1.2 million[4] (2024)
 United States328,176[5] (2022)
 South Korea193,462[4] (2024)
 Germany115,000[6] (2020)
 Malaysia105,312[7] (2022)
 Australia81,850[8] (2019)
 Taiwan65,297[4] (2024)
 Japan63,689[9] (2024)
 United Kingdom55,000[4] (2024)
 Sweden45,940[10] (2023)
 Norway34,540[4] (2024)
 Israel24,369[4] (2024)
 Indonesia24,000[11] (2020)
 Singapore23,705[7] (2022)
 Netherlands23,648[4] (2024)
 Canada22,275[12] (2021)
 France21,825[4] (2024)
 Belgium17,822[13] (2023)
 Hong Kong17,753[4] (2024)
 United Arab Emirates16,337[4] (2024)
 Laos15,497[14] (2015)
 Denmark10,951[15] (2024)
 Finland10,594[4] (2024)
 New Zealand10,251 (born), c. 50,000 (ancestry)[16] (2018)
  Switzerland9,961[17] (2023)
 Italy7,385[4] (2024)
 Cambodia7,224[18] (2023)
 Saudi Arabia7,190[4] (2024)
 China6,195[4] (2024)
 Austria4,844[4] (2014)
 Qatar4,408[4] (2024)
 India3,133[4] (2014)
 Egypt3,000[4] (2024)
 Bahrain2,564[4] (2024)
 Ireland2,405[4] (2024)
 Hungary2,200[4] (2024)
 Brazil2,172[19]
 South Africa2,130[4] (2024)
 Spain2,044[4] (2024)
 Czechia1,727[4] (2024)
 Russiac. 1,500–2,000[20] (2023)
 Pakistan1,408[4] (2024)
 Portugal1,404[4] (2024)
 Myanmar1,375[4] (2024)
 Philippines1,340[21] (2023)
 Vietnamc. 1,300[22] (2023)
 Kuwait1,210[4] (2024)
 Brunei1,021[4] (2024)
 Oman876[4] (2024)
 Poland830[23] (2023)
Languages
Central Thai, Southern Thai
Religion
Predominantly :
Theravada Buddhism 97.6%
Minorities:Tai folk religion
Sunni Islam 1.6%
Christianity 0.8%
Related ethnic groups
Malaysian Siamese
Chart shows the demographics of Thailand

Thai people, historically known as Siamese people, are an ethnic group native to Thailand. In a narrower and ethnic sense, the Thais are also a Tai ethnic group dominant in Central and Southern Thailand (Siam proper).[24][25][26][27][28][2][29] Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as Southern China, Thais speak the Sukhothai languages (Central Thai and Southern Thai language),[30] which is classified as part of the Kra–Dai family of languages. The majority of Thais are followers of Theravada Buddhism.

Government policies during the late 1930s and early 1940s resulted in the successful forced assimilation of various ethno-linguistic groups into the country's dominant Central Thai language and culture, leading to the term Thai people to come to refer to the population of Thailand overall. This includes other subgroups of the Tai ethno-linguistic group, such as the Northern Thais and the Isan people, as well as non-Southeast Asian and non-Tai groups, the largest of which is that of the Han Chinese, who form a substantial minority ethnic group in Thailand.


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  1. ^ McCargo, D.; Hongladarom, K. (2004). "Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand" (PDF). Asian Ethnicity. 5 (2): 219. doi:10.1080/1463136042000221898. S2CID 30108605. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  2. ^ a b David Levinson (1998), Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook, Oryx Pres, p. 287, ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1
  3. ^ Paul, Lewis M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2013), Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International, ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "สถิติจำนวนคนไทยในต่างประเทศ ประจำปี 2567" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). April 5, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-02-01.
  5. ^ "ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS". United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  6. ^ "Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen".
  7. ^ a b "สถิติจำนวนคนไทยในต่างประเทศ ประจำปี 2565" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). April 5, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-01-31.
  8. ^ "Estimated resident population, Country of birth - as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  9. ^ "令和6年6月末現在における在留外国人数について". Ministry of Justice (Japan) (in Japanese). 2024-10-18. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2024-10-19. (supplementary file of 令和6年6月末現在における在留外国人数について)
  10. ^ "Foreign-born persons – Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2023". Statistics Sweden. 2024-02-22. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  11. ^ "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". 10 February 2014.
  12. ^ "Canada Census Profile 2021". Census Profile, 2021 Census. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  13. ^ "Inwoners met migratieachtergrond naar nationaliteit (1) - 01/01/2023". npdata.be. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  14. ^ "Table P4.8 Overseas Migrant Population 10 Years Old and Over by Country of Origin and Province of Current Residence" (PDF). lsb.gov.la. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  15. ^ "POPULATION AT THE FIRST DAY OF THE QUARTER BY REGION, SEX, AGE (5 YEARS AGE GROUPS), ANCESTRY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN". Statistics Denmark.
  16. ^ "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  17. ^ "Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, 1980-2023". bfs.admin.ch (in German). August 22, 2024.
  18. ^ "แผนช่วยเหลือ/อพยพคนไทย กรณีเกิดวิกฤตการณ์ทางการเมือง/เกิดสงคราม สถานเอกอัครราชทูต ณ กรุงพนมเปญ" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 28 Jan 2025.
  19. ^ "Imigrantes Internacionais Registrados no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  20. ^ "แผนช่วยเหลือ/อพยพคนไทย กรณีเกิดวิกฤตการณ์ทางการเมือง/เกิดสงคราม สอท. ณ กรุงมอสโก" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 28 Jan 2025.
  21. ^ "แผนช่วยเหลือ/อพยพคนไทย กรณีเกิดวิกฤตการณ์ทางการเมือง/เกิดสงคราม" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 28 Jan 2025.
  22. ^ "แผนช่วยเหลือ/อพยพคนไทย กรณีเกิดวิกฤตการณ์ทางการเมือง/เกิดสงคราม สถานกงสุลใหญ่ ณ นครโฮจิมินห์" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 28 Jan 2025.
  23. ^ "แผนช่วยเหลือ/อพยพคนไทย กรณีเกิดวิกฤตการณ์ทางการเมือง/เกิดสงคราม สำหรับประเทศโปแลนด์" (PDF). mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 28 Jan 2025.
  24. ^ Cheesman, P. (1988). Lao textiles: ancient symbols-living art. Bangkok, Thailand: White Lotus Co., Thailand.
  25. ^ Fox, M. (1997). A history of Laos. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  26. ^ Fox, M. (2008). Historical Dictionary of Laos (3rd ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
  27. ^ Goodden, C. (1999). Around Lan-na: a guide to Thailand's northern border region from Chiang Mai to Nan. Halesworth, Suffolk: Jungle Books.
  28. ^ Gehan Wijeyewardene (1990). Ethnic Groups across National Boundaries in Mainland Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 48. ISBN 978-981-3035-57-7. The word 'Thai' is today generally used for citizens of the Kingdom of Thailand, and more specifically for the 'Siamese'.
  29. ^ Barbara A. West (2009), Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File, p. 794, ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7
  30. ^ Antonio L. Rappa; Lionel Wee (2006), Language Policy and Modernity in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, Springer, pp. 114–115

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