Scientific study

Scientific study is a creative action to increase knowledge by systematically collecting, interpreting, and evaluating data. According to the hypothetico-deductive paradigm, it should encompass:^[1]

• The contextualization of the problem;
• A hypothesis for explaining the problem considering existing theoretical approaches;
• A verification of the hypotheses by an experiment;
• Analysis of the test outcome.^[1]

Scientific study involves scientific theory, scientific method, scientific models, experiments and physical situations. It may refer to:

• Scientific method, a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, based on empirical or measurable evidence that is subject to the principles of logic and reasoning
• Observational study, draws inferences about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator
• Randomized controlled trial, a type of scientific experiment, often in the medical field, where the people being studied are randomly allocated one of the different treatments
• Science, a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Scientific learning includes testing of theories and provide a basis for scientific knowledge.