Research spin-off

A research spin-off is a company that falls into at least one of the four following categories:^[1]

Companies that have an Equity investment from a national library or university
Companies that license technology from a public research institute or university
Companies that consider a university or public sector employee to have been a founder
Companies that have been established directly by a public research institution

The two main research spin-off models in Russia are those developed from the Institutes of the Academy of Science and Svetlana.^[2] QinetiQ is an example of a research spin-off in the United Kingdom.^[3]

^ Benedicte Callan (2001). "Generating Spin-offs:Evidence from Across the OECD". STI Review. 2000 (26). OECD Publishing: 18. ISBN 92-64-17580-6.
^ Fostering Public-Private Partnership for Innovation in Russia. OECD Publishing. 2005. p. 50. ISBN 92-64-00965-5.
^ PJ Connolly (14 May 2001). "Block that email!". InfoWorld. 23 (20): 100. ISSN 0199-6649.

[1] Benedicte Callan (2001). "Generating Spin-offs:Evidence from Across the OECD". STI Review. 2000 (26). OECD Publishing: 18. ISBN 92-64-17580-6.

[2] Fostering Public-Private Partnership for Innovation in Russia. OECD Publishing. 2005. p. 50. ISBN 92-64-00965-5.

[3] PJ Connolly (14 May 2001). "Block that email!". InfoWorld. 23 (20): 100. ISSN 0199-6649.

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