Quantum engineering

Colloidal quantum dots irradiated with a UV light. Different sized quantum dots emit different colour light due to quantum confinement.

Quantum engineering is the development of technology that capitalizes on the laws of quantum mechanics. This type of engineering uses quantum mechanics to develop technologies such as quantum sensors and quantum computers.

Devices that rely on quantum mechanical effects such as lasers, MRI imagers and transistors have revolutionized many areas of technology. New technologies are being developed that rely on phenomena such as quantum coherence and on progress achieved in the last century in understanding and controlling atomic-scale systems. Quantum mechanical effects are used as a resource in novel technologies with far-reaching applications, including quantum sensors[1][2] and novel imaging techniques,[3] secure communication (quantum internet)[4][5][6] and quantum computing.[7][8][9][10][11]

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  2. ^ Boss, J. M.; Cujia, K. S.; Zopes, J.; Degen, C. L. (2017-05-26). "Quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution". Science. 356 (6340): 837–840. arXiv:1706.01754. Bibcode:2017Sci...356..837B. doi:10.1126/science.aam7009. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28546209. S2CID 33700486.
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  4. ^ Liao, Sheng-Kai; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liu, Wei-Yue; Zhang, Liang; Li, Yang; Ren, Ji-Gang; Yin, Juan; Shen, Qi; Cao, Yuan; Li, Zheng-Ping; Li, Feng-Zhi (2017). "Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution". Nature. 549 (7670): 43–47. arXiv:1707.00542. Bibcode:2017Natur.549...43L. doi:10.1038/nature23655. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 28825707. S2CID 205259539.
  5. ^ Yin, Juan; Li, Yu-Huai; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Yang, Meng; Cao, Yuan; Zhang, Liang; Ren, Ji-Gang; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liu, Wei-Yue; Li, Shuang-Lin; Shu, Rong (2020). "Entanglement-based secure quantum cryptography over 1,120 kilometres". Nature. 582 (7813): 501–505. Bibcode:2020Natur.582..501Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2401-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32541968. S2CID 219692094.
  6. ^ Chen, Yu-Ao; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Teng-Yun; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Kai; Yin, Juan; Ren, Ji-Gang; Chen, Zhu; Han, Sheng-Long (2021). "An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres". Nature. 589 (7841): 214–219. Bibcode:2021Natur.589..214C. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03093-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33408416. S2CID 230812317.
  7. ^ Ladd, T. D.; Jelezko, F.; Laflamme, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Monroe, C.; O’Brien, J. L. (2010). "Quantum computers". Nature. 464 (7285): 45–53. arXiv:1009.2267. Bibcode:2010Natur.464...45L. doi:10.1038/nature08812. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20203602. S2CID 4367912.
  8. ^ Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio; Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.; Buell, David A.; Burkett, Brian (2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. arXiv:1910.11333. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645734. S2CID 204836822.
  9. ^ Georgescu, Iulia (2020). "Trapped ion quantum computing turns 25". Nature Reviews Physics. 2 (6): 278. Bibcode:2020NatRP...2..278G. doi:10.1038/s42254-020-0189-1. ISSN 2522-5820. S2CID 219505038.
  10. ^ MacQuarrie, Evan R.; Simon, Christoph; Simmons, Stephanie; Maine, Elicia (2020). "The emerging commercial landscape of quantum computing". Nature Reviews Physics. 2 (11): 596–598. arXiv:2202.12733. Bibcode:2020NatRP...2..596M. doi:10.1038/s42254-020-00247-5. ISSN 2522-5820. S2CID 225134962.
  11. ^ Zhong, Han-Sen; Wang, Hui; Deng, Yu-Hao; Chen, Ming-Cheng; Peng, Li-Chao; Luo, Yi-Han; Qin, Jian; Wu, Dian; Ding, Xing; Hu, Yi; Hu, Peng (2020). "Quantum computational advantage using photons". Science. 370 (6523): 1460–1463. arXiv:2012.01625. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1460Z. doi:10.1126/science.abe8770. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273064. S2CID 227254333.

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