Proto-Uralic language

Proto-Uralic
Proto-Uralic
(may be equivalent to Proto-Finno-Ugric)
Reconstruction of	Uralic languages
Region	near the Ural Mountains, Central Russian Upland or the Sayan Mountains
Era	7,000–2,000 BCE
Lower-order reconstructions	Proto-Samoyed; Proto-Finno-Ugric;

Proto-Uralic is the unattested reconstructed language ancestral to the modern Uralic language family. The reconstructed language is thought to have been originally spoken in a small area in about 7000–2000 BCE (estimates vary), and then expanded across northern Eurasia, gradually diverging into a dialect continuum and then a language family in the process. The location of the area or Urheimat is not known, and various strongly differing proposals have been put forward, such as the Central Russian Upland^[4],^{[failed verification]} but the vicinity of the Ural Mountains is generally accepted as the most likely.

^ Vigh, József (2025). "Uralic homeland according to Gyula László (after László 1961, 123, Fig. 25)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 24 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ Grünthal, Riho; Heyd, Volker; Holopainen, Sampsa; Janhunen, Juha A.; Khanina, Olesya; Miestamo, Matti; Nichols, Johanna; Saarikivi, Janne; Sinnemäki, Kaius (2022). "Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread". Diachronica. 39 (4): 490–524. doi:10.1075/dia.20038.gru. hdl:10138/347633. S2CID 248059749.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2009). "Proto-Uralic—what, where and when?" (PDF). In Ylikoski, Jussi (ed.). The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. ISBN 978-952-5667-11-0. ISSN 0355-0230.
^ Vigh, József (2025). "Uralic homeland according to Gyula László (after László 1961, 123, Fig. 25)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 24 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[1] Vigh, József (2025). "Uralic homeland according to Gyula László (after László 1961, 123, Fig. 25)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 24 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[2] Grünthal, Riho; Heyd, Volker; Holopainen, Sampsa; Janhunen, Juha A.; Khanina, Olesya; Miestamo, Matti; Nichols, Johanna; Saarikivi, Janne; Sinnemäki, Kaius (2022). "Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread". Diachronica. 39 (4): 490–524. doi:10.1075/dia.20038.gru. hdl:10138/347633. S2CID 248059749.

[Janhunen2009-3] Janhunen, Juha (2009). "Proto-Uralic—what, where and when?" (PDF). In Ylikoski, Jussi (ed.). The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. ISBN 978-952-5667-11-0. ISSN 0355-0230.

[4] Vigh, József (2025). "Uralic homeland according to Gyula László (after László 1961, 123, Fig. 25)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 24 January 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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