Plesetsk Cosmodrome

Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Космодром «Плесецк»
Russia
Great emblem of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Site information
Type	Spaceport
Owner	Russian ministry of defence
Controlled by	Russian Space Forces
Open to the public	No
Location
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Location in Russia Show map of Russia Plesetsk Cosmodrome Location in Arkhangelsk Oblast Show map of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Coordinates	62°55′32″N 40°34′40″E / 62.92556°N 40.57778°E / 62.92556; 40.57778
Site history
Built	1957 (1957)
In use	1957–present

Plesetsk Cosmodrome (Russian: Космодром «Плесецк», romanized: Kosmodrom "Plesetsk") is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, near the town of Plesetsk, from which it takes its name. Until 2025 and the commissioning of the Andøya base in Norway, it was the only operational orbital spaceport in Europe and the northernmost spaceport in the world. Originally developed as an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) site for the R-7 missile, its strategic location approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of Moscow was key to its selection.

Due to its high latitude, Plesetsk is particularly suited for specific types of satellite launches, such as those into Molniya orbits, and historically served as a secondary launch facility. Most Soviet orbital launches were conducted from Baikonur Cosmodrome, located in the Kazakh SSR. However, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became part of Kazakhstan, which began charging Russia to lease the land for its use. As a result, Plesetsk has seen significantly increased activity since the 2000s, especially for launching military satellites.