Back Папуа-Гвинеиа ҿыц Abkhazian Papua New Guinea ACE Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Afrikaans Papua-Neuguinea ALS ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊኒ Amharic Papua New Guinea AMI Papua y Nueva Guinea AN Papua Nīwguineg ANG पापुआ न्यू गीनिया ANP بابوا غينيا الجديدة Arabic
Independent State of Papua New Guinea | |
|---|---|
| Motto: 'Unity in diversity'[1] | |
| Anthem: "O Arise, All You Sons"[2] | |
 Location of Papua New Guinea (green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Port Moresby 09°28′44″S 147°08′58″E / 9.47889°S 147.14944°E |
| Official languages[3][4] | |
Indigenous languages | 839 languages[5] |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Religion (2011 census)[6] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Papua New Guinean • Papuan |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Charles III |
| Bob Dadae | |
| James Marape | |
| Legislature | National Parliament |
| Independence from Australia | |
| 1 July 1949 | |
| 16 September 1975 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi) (54th) |
• Water (%) | 2 |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate |  11,781,559[7] (82nd) |
• 2011 census | 7,257,324[8] |
• Density | 25.5/km2 (66.0/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
• Total |  $41.810 billion[9] (135th) |
• Per capita | $3,760[10] (162th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
• Total | $32.840 billion[11] (108th) |
• Per capita | $2,560[12] (142th) |
| Gini (2009) | 41.9[13] medium inequality |
| HDI (2023) | 0.576[14] medium (160th) |
| Currency | Kina (PGK) |
| Time zone | UTC+10, +11 (PNGST) |
| Calling code | +675 |
| ISO 3166 code | PG |
| Internet TLD | .pg |
Papua New Guinea,[note 1][16] officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. It has a land border with Indonesia to the west and neighbours Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Its capital, on its southern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).
The nation was split in the 1880s between German New Guinea in the North and the British Territory of Papua in the South, the latter of which was ceded to Australia in 1902. All of present-day Papua New Guinea came under Australian control following World War I, with the legally distinct Territory of New Guinea being established out of the former German colony as a League of Nations mandate. The nation was the site of fierce fighting during the New Guinea campaign of World War II. Papua New Guinea became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its Queen. Since Elizabeth II's death in 2022, Charles III has been the King.
There are 840 known languages of Papua New Guinea (including English), making it the most linguistically diverse country in the world. It is also one of the most rural countries, with only 14% of its population living in urban centres in 2023. Most of its people live in customary communities. Although government estimates reported the country's population to be 11.8 million, it was reported in December 2022 that its population was in fact closer to 17 million. Papua New Guinea is the most populous Pacific island country. The country's wildlife is considered megadiverse, and it is believed that there are many further undocumented species of plants and animals.
Papua New Guinea is classified as a developing economy by the International Monetary Fund; nearly 40% of the population are subsistence farmers, living relatively independently of the cash economy. Their traditional social groupings are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution, which expresses the wish for "traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society" and protects their continuing importance to local and national community life. Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1976, and has filed its application for full membership status. It is a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Pacific Community, the Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations.
- ^ Somare, Michael (6 December 2004). "Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth". Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
- ^ "Never more to rise". The National. 6 February 2006. Archived from the original on 13 July 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2005.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ciawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Sign language becomes an official language in PNG". Radio New Zealand. 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ethnologuewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Koloma. Kele, Roko. Hajily. "Papua New Guinea 2011 National Report-National Statistical Office". sdd.spc.int. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Population | National Statistical Office | Papua New Guinea". Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ "2011 National Population and Housing Census of Papua New Guinea – Final Figures". National Statistical Office of Papua New Guinea. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025".
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025".
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025".
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025".
- ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8
- ^ "Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
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