Old media

Old media, or legacy media,^[1] are the mass media institutions that dominated prior to the Information Age; particularly print media, film studios, music studios, advertising agencies, radio broadcasting, and television.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Old media institutions are centralized and communicate with one-way technologies to a generally anonymous mass audience.^[4]^[5] By definition, it is often contrasted with new media, which is typically computer or smartphone-based media that is interactive and comparatively decentralized, enabling people to telecommunicate with one another peer-to-peer or through social media platforms,^[6] with mass use and availability through the internet.^[7]

Old media companies have diminished in the last decade with the changing media landscape, namely the modern reliance on streaming and digitization of formerly analog content,^[8] and the advent of simple worldwide connection and mass conversation.^[7] Old media, or "legacy media" conglomerates include Disney, Warner Media, ViacomCBS, Bertelsmann Publishers, and NewsCorp., owners of Fox News and Entertainment, and span from books to audio to visual media.^[9] These conglomerates are often owned and inherited between families, such as the Murdochs of NewsCorp.^[10] Due to traditional media's heavy use in economics and political structures, it remains current regardless of new media's emergence.^[7]

^ Desjardins, Jeff (10 October 2016). "The slow death of legacy media". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
^ "How Old Media Can Survive in a New World". The Wall Street Journal. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Logan, Robert K. (2010). "The Changing Figure/Ground Relation with the 'New Media'". Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. Peter Lang. p. 8. OCLC 764542063. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b Peterson, Mark Allen (2008) [2003]. "The Ethnography of Media Production". Anthropology & Mass Communication: Media and Myth in the New Millennium. Berghahn Books. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-57181-278-0. OCLC 823761828. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Becker, Barbara; Wehner, Josef (2001). "Electronic Networks and Civil Society". In Ess, Charles; Sudweeks, Fay (eds.). Culture, Technology, Communication: Towards an Intercultural Global Village. SUNY Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-79145-016-1. OCLC 879232423. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Schorr, Angela (2003). "Interactivity: The New Media Use Option—State of the Art". In Schorr, Angela; Schenk, Michael; Campbell, William (eds.). Communication Research and Media Science in Europe: Perspectives for Research and Academic Training in Europe's Changing Media Reality. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 57. OCLC 954099068. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c McQuail, Denis (1983). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). London: Sage. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-1-84920-291-6.
^ Wolff, Michael (2017). Television is the New Television: The Unexpected Triumph of Old Media in the Digital Age. Penguin. pp. 96–103. ISBN 9780143108924.
^ Hanson, Ralph E (2022). Mass Communication: Living in a Media World (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. pp. 56, 67, 73. ISBN 9781544382999.
^ Folkenfilk, David (2013). Murdoch's World: The Last of the old Media Empires (1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. pp. 280–282. ISBN 9781610390897.

[1] Desjardins, Jeff (10 October 2016). "The slow death of legacy media". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

[2] "How Old Media Can Survive in a New World". The Wall Street Journal. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2017.

[3] Logan, Robert K. (2010). "The Changing Figure/Ground Relation with the 'New Media'". Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. Peter Lang. p. 8. OCLC 764542063. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.

[Peterson-4] Peterson, Mark Allen (2008) [2003]. "The Ethnography of Media Production". Anthropology & Mass Communication: Media and Myth in the New Millennium. Berghahn Books. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-57181-278-0. OCLC 823761828. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.

[5] Becker, Barbara; Wehner, Josef (2001). "Electronic Networks and Civil Society". In Ess, Charles; Sudweeks, Fay (eds.). Culture, Technology, Communication: Towards an Intercultural Global Village. SUNY Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-79145-016-1. OCLC 879232423. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.

[6] Schorr, Angela (2003). "Interactivity: The New Media Use Option—State of the Art". In Schorr, Angela; Schenk, Michael; Campbell, William (eds.). Communication Research and Media Science in Europe: Perspectives for Research and Academic Training in Europe's Changing Media Reality. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 57. OCLC 954099068. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.

[:0-7] McQuail, Denis (1983). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). London: Sage. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-1-84920-291-6.

[8] Wolff, Michael (2017). Television is the New Television: The Unexpected Triumph of Old Media in the Digital Age. Penguin. pp. 96–103. ISBN 9780143108924.

[:1-9] Hanson, Ralph E (2022). Mass Communication: Living in a Media World (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. pp. 56, 67, 73. ISBN 9781544382999.

[10] Folkenfilk, David (2013). Murdoch's World: The Last of the old Media Empires (1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. pp. 280–282. ISBN 9781610390897.

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