Nicholas Metropolis

Nicholas Metropolis
Born	Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (1915-06-11)June 11, 1915 Chicago, Illinois, United States
Died	October 17, 1999(1999-10-17) (aged 84) Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States
Alma mater	University of Chicago
Known for	Monte Carlo method Simulated annealing Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
Awards	Computer Pioneer Award (1984)
Scientific career
Fields	Physicist, Mathematician
Institutions	Los Alamos National Laboratory

Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: Νικόλαος Μητρόπουλος;^[1] June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist.^[2]

Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, Robert Oppenheimer recruited him from Chicago, where he was collaborating with Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller on the first nuclear reactors, to the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

He arrived in Los Alamos in April 1943, as a member of the original staff of fifty scientists. He came back to Los Alamos in 1948 to lead the group in the Theoretical Division that designed and built the MANIAC I computer in 1952 that was modeled on the IAS machine, and the MANIAC II in 1957.