Minor-planet moon

• Top: 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl as imaged by Galileo in 1993.
• Middle: Three radar images of 66391 Moshup. The 'streaks' on the image are the moon's trail as it moved while the images were created.
• Bottom: Animation of (357439) 2004 BL86 and its moon (left). Animation of (136617) 1994 CC, a trinary asteroid with two moons (right).

A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. As of January 2022^[update], there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons.^[1] Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.^[2]

Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's largest moon Charon, which itself has about half the diameter of Pluto.

There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).