Back Mariner 4 Afrikaans مارينر 4 Arabic Mariner 4 Azerbaijani Маринър 4 Bulgarian Mariner 4 BS Mariner 4 Catalan مێرنێر ٤ CKB Mariner 4 Czech Mariner#Mariner 3 und 4 German Μάρινερ 4 Greek
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| Mission type | Mars flyby |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA / JPL |
| COSPAR ID | 1964-077A |
| SATCAT no. | 942 |
| Mission duration | 3 years and 22 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | US-K KOBALT_A12 |
| Manufacturer | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| Launch mass | 260.8 kilograms (575 lb)[1] |
| Power | 310 watts (at Mars encounter) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | November 28, 1964, 14:22:01 UTC |
| Rocket | Atlas LV-3 Agena-D |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-12 |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | December 21, 1967 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Heliocentric |
| Semi-major axis | 199,591,220 kilometers (124,020,230 mi) |
| Eccentricity | 0.17322[2] |
| Perihelion altitude | 166,052,670 kilometers (103,180,350 mi)[2] |
| Aphelion altitude | 234,867,290 kilometers (145,939,770 mi)[2] |
| Inclination | 2.544 degrees[2] |
| Period | 567.11 days[2] |
| Epoch | July 14, 1965, 21:00:57 UTC[2] |
| Flyby of Mars | |
| Closest approach | July 15, 1965, 01:00:57 UTC |
| Distance | 9,846 kilometers (6,118 miles) |
| Instruments | |
| Cosmic dust detector Cosmic ray telescope Geiger counter/ionization chamber Helium magnetometer Solar plasma probe Trapped radiation detector TV camera | |
Mariner 4 (together with Mariner 3 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth. Launched on November 28, 1964,[3] Mariner 4 performed the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, returning the first close-up pictures of the Martian surface. It captured the first images of another planet ever returned from deep space; their depiction of a cratered, dead planet largely changed the scientific community's view of life on Mars.[4][5] Other mission objectives were to perform field and particle measurements in interplanetary space in the vicinity of Mars and to provide experience in and knowledge of the engineering capabilities for interplanetary flights of long duration. Initially expected to remain in space for eight months, Mariner 4's mission lasted about three years in solar orbit.[6] On December 21, 1967, communications with Mariner 4 were terminated.
- ^ "Mariner 4". NASA Solar System Exploration. NASA's Solar System Exploration website. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
- ^ "Mariner 4". NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- ^ Momsen, Bill (2006). "Mariner IV – First Flyby of Mars: Some personal experiences". p. 1. Archived from the original on June 20, 2002. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- ^ Momsen, Bill (2006). "Mariner IV – First Flyby of Mars: Some personal experiences". p. 2. Archived from the original on December 30, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- ^ "Mariner 4 – Mars Missions – NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Retrieved August 30, 2022.
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