Back جوكهانغ Arabic Templu de Jokhang AST ཇོ་ཁང་། Tibetan Temple de Jokhang Catalan Džókhang Czech Jokhang German Templo de Jokhang Spanish Jokhang tenplua Basque جوخانگ Persian Jokhang Finnish
| Jokhang | |
|---|---|
 The Jokhang, with Barkhor Square in front | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Tibetan Buddhism |
| Sect | Gelug |
| Deity | Shakyamuni; home of the most-venerated statue in Tibet |
| Location | |
| Location | Barkhor, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region |
| Country | China |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Vihara, Tibetan, Nepalese |
| Founder | Songtsen Gampo |
| Date established | 7th century |
| Official name | Jokhang Temple Monastery |
| Part of | Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i), (iv), (vi) |
| Reference | 707ter-002 |
| Inscription | 1994 (18th Session) |
| Extensions | 2000, 2001 |
| Area | 7.5 ha (810,000 sq ft) |
| Buffer zone | 130 ha (14,000,000 sq ft) |
| Coordinates | 29°39′11″N 91°2′51″E / 29.65306°N 91.04750°E |
  Location of Jokhang in Tibet  Jokhang (China) | |
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The Jokhang (Tibetan: ཇོ་ཁང།, Chinese: 大昭寺), historically known as the Rasa Trulnang (ra sa 'phrul snang)[1] or Qoikang Monastery or Zuglagkang (Tibetan: གཙུག་ལག་ཁང༌།, Wylie: gtsug-lag-khang, ZYPY: Zuglagkang or Tsuklakang), is considered the "heart of Lhasa".[2] The Jokhang consists of a Tibetan Buddhist temple, its temple complex, and a Gelug school monastery. Located in Barkhor Square, it was built in c.640 by King Songsten Gampo to house the Jowo Mikyo Dorje,[3] a statue of Akshobhya Buddha, brought to Tibet by his Nepalese queen,[2] Bhrikuti. Another statue, the Jowo Shakyamuni, brought by his Tang Chinese queen Wencheng, is currently housed in the temple[2] and the Jowo Mikyo Dorje is housed in the Ramoche, in Lhasa.
Many Nepalese and Indian artists and craftsmen worked on the temple's original design and construction.[4] Around the 14th century, the temple was associated with the Vajrasana in India.[5] In the 18th century the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, following the Nepalese Gorkha invasion of Tibet in 1792, did not allow the Nepalese to visit this temple [citation needed] and it became an exclusive place of worship for the Tibetans. During the Chinese Cultural Revolution in Tibet (1966-1976), the Red Guards attacked the Jokhang temple in 1966 and for a decade there was no worship. Renovation of the Jokhang took place from 1972 to 1980. In 2000, the Jokhang became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as an extension of the Potala Palace, which has been a World Heritage Site since 1994. After its UNESCO status was conferred, PRC China redeveloped parts of the World Heritage Sites in Lhasa, and the Barkhor Square in front of the temple was partially demolished and encroached upon.[6]
- ^ Gyurme Dorje, Review of Jokhang: Tibet's Most Sacred Buddhist Temple, JIATS, #6, December 2011
- ^ a b c "Jokhang". MAPS, Places. University of Virginia.
- ^ Dr. Poonam Rana, "The Role of Bhrikuti (Bhelsa Tritsun) in the spread of Buddhism", Sirjana, p.108-114
- ^ 印度通史. 世界历史文化丛书 (in Chinese). 上海社会科学院出版社. 2012. p. 112. ISBN 978-7-5520-0013-9. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ 西藏密教史 (in Chinese). China Social Sciences Press. 1998. p. 225. ISBN 978-7-5004-2344-7. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ 等贺新元 (2015). 和平解放以来民族政策西藏实践绩效研究 (in Chinese). Social Sciences Literature Press. p. 437. ISBN 978-7-5097-7163-1. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
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