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Jharkhand

Jharkhand
State
Official emblem of Jharkhand
Emblem of Jharkhand
Etymology: "Forest Land"
Nickname: 
"Land of Forests"
Motto(s): 
Satyameva Jayate
(Truth alone triumphs)
The map of India showing Jharkhand
Location of Jharkhand in India
Coordinates: 23°21′N 85°20′E / 23.35°N 85.33°E / 23.35; 85.33
CountryIndia
RegionEast India
Before wasPart of Bihar
Formation15 November 2000
CapitalRanchi
Largest cityJamshedpur
Districts24 (5 divisions)
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Jharkhand
 • GovernorSantosh Gangwar
 • Chief ministerHemant Soren (JMM)
State LegislatureUnicameral
 • AssemblyJharkhand Legislative Assembly (81 seats)
National ParliamentParliament of India
 • Rajya Sabha6 seats
 • Lok Sabha14 seats
High CourtJharkhand High Court
Area
 • Total
79,716 km2 (30,779 sq mi)
 • Rank15th
Dimensions
 • Length463 km (288 mi)
 • Width380 km (240 mi)
Elevation
277 m (909 ft)
Highest elevation
(Parasnath[1])
1,382 m (4,534 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total
Increase 32,988,134
 • Rank14th
 • Density414/km2 (1,070/sq mi)
 • Urban
24.05%
 • Rural
75.95%
DemonymsJharkhandi
Language
 • OfficialHindi[3]
 • Additional official
 • Official scriptDevanagari script
GDP
 • Total (2025-26)Increase ₹556,286 crore (US$66 billion) [6]
 • Rank19th
 • Per capitaIncrease ₹115,960 (US$1,400) (2025-26)[7] (29th)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-JH
Vehicle registrationJH
HDI (2022)Neutral increase 0.600 Medium (32nd)
Literacy (2017)Increase 74.30% [8] (27th)
Sex ratio (2021)948♀/1000 ♂[9] (26th)
Websitejharkhand.gov.in
Symbols of Jharkhand
Emblem of Jharkhand
BirdKoel
FlowerPalash
MammalIndian elephant[10]
TreeSal
State highway mark
State highway of Jharkhand
JH SH1 - JH SH
List of Indian state symbols

Jharkhand (Hindi: Jhārakhaṇḍa, pronounced [d͡ʒʱäːɾᵊkʰəɳɖᵊ]; lit. 'the land of forests') is a state in eastern India.[11] The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state.[3] The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites.[12][13] Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities as of 2011.[14]

Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished.[15][16][17]

  1. ^ "Important Tourist attraction of Giridih". 18 October 2005. Archived from the original on 18 October 2005. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Jharkhand Profile 2011 Census" (PDF). Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 43–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili". The Avenue Mail. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  5. ^ "Jharkhand notifies Bhumij as second state language". The Avenue Mail. 5 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Jharkhand Budget Analysis 2025-26".
  7. ^ "Jharkhand Budget Analysis 2025-26".
  8. ^ "Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, National Statistical Office, Government of India. p. 68. Retrieved 21 May 2025.
  9. ^ "Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019-2021)". Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  10. ^ "State animals, birds, trees and flowers" (PDF). Wildlife Institute of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  11. ^ "Jharkhand – At a Glance". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  12. ^ "Adventure capital of the east, Jharkhand will drive you crazy". nyoooz.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  13. ^ "Jharkhand registers 385% increase in foreign tourist visits". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  14. ^ Jharkhand Profile (2011). "Census India" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  15. ^ "Resource Curse and Jharkhand" (PDF). Economic & Political Weekly. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Jharkhand: Here is why India's richest mineral state is not even close to development". Daily Bhaskar. 31 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  17. ^ "UNDP- Jharkhand: Economic and Human Development Indicators" (PDF). www.in.undp.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2017.

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