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Japanese diaspora

Japanese diaspora
日系人
Nikkeijin
Total population
About 4,000,000 (2022)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Brazil2,000,000[2] (2022)
United States1,550,875[3] (2020)
Peru203,130[4] (2023)
Canada129,425[5] (2021)
Philippines120,000[6][7][better source needed]
China102,066[8] (2022)note
Australia94,942[8] (2022)note
Mexico86,143[9] (2022)
Thailand78,431[8] (2022)note
Argentina76,440[10] (2020)
South Korea65,216[11] (2024)note
United Kingdom65,022[8] (2022)note
Germany42,266[8] (2022)note
France36,104[8] (2022)note
Singapore32,743[8] (2022)note
Malaysia24,545[8] (2022)note
Vietnam21,819[8] (2022)note
Taiwan20,345[8] (2022)note
Micronesia20,000[12][better source needed] (2018)
Other countries
(fewer than 20,000)
Indonesia14,720[13]note
New Zealand14,118[14]
Bolivia14,000[15]
Netherlands10,460[16]
Spain8,720[17]
India8,398[18][19]
New Caledonia8,000[20]
Italy7,556[21]note
Paraguay7,000[22]
Belgium6,519[citation needed]
Marshall Islands6,000[23]
Sweden5,235[citation needed]
Palau5,000[24]
Macau4,200[25]
Switzerland4,071[26]note
Austria3,500[27]
Uruguay3,456[28]note
Cambodia3,363 (2022, Japanese nationality onlynote)[29]
Ireland3,122[30]
Colombia3,000[31]note
Chile2,600[32]
Russia1,321[33]note
Qatar1,000[34]
Related ethnic groups
Ryukyuan diaspora
Note: For this country, only the number of residents with Japanese nationality is shown, since the number of naturalized Japanese people and their descendants is unknown.

The Japanese diaspora and its individual members, known as Nikkei (Japanese: 日系, IPA: [ɲikkeː]) or as Nikkeijin (Japanese: 日系人, IPA: [ɲikkeꜜːʑiɴ]), comprise the Japanese emigrants from Japan (and their descendants) residing in a country outside Japan. Emigration from Japan was recorded as early as the 15th century to the Philippines,[35][36][37][38] but did not become a mass phenomenon until the Meiji period (1868–1912), when Japanese emigrated to the Philippines[39] and to the Americas.[40][41] There was significant emigration to the territories of the Empire of Japan during the period of Japanese colonial expansion (1875–1945); however, most of these emigrants repatriated to Japan after the 1945 surrender of Japan ended World War II in Asia.[42]

According to the Association of Nikkei and Japanese Abroad, about 4 million Nikkei live in their adopted countries.[1] The largest of these foreign communities are in Brazil, the United States, the Philippines,[43] China, Canada, and Peru. Descendants of emigrants from the Meiji period still maintain recognizable communities in those countries, forming separate ethnic groups from Japanese people in Japan.[44] The largest of these foreign communities are in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná. There are also significant cohesive Japanese communities in the Philippines, Peru and in the American state of Hawaii. Nevertheless, most emigrant Japanese are largely assimilated outside of Japan.

As of 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported the five countries with the highest number of Japanese expatriates as the United States (418,842), China (102,066), Australia (94,942), Thailand (78,431) and Canada (74,362).[8]

  1. ^ a b "Who are "Nikkei & Japanese Abroad"?". The Association of Nikkei and Japanese Abroad. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Japan-Brazil Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ "American Community Survey: Asian Alone or in Any Combination by Selected Groups". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  4. ^ "Japan-Peru Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  5. ^ "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories". Statistics Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  6. ^ Agnote, Dario (11 October 2006). "A glimmer of hope for castoffs". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  7. ^ Ohno, Shun (2006). "The Intermarried issei and mestizo nisei in the Philippines". In Adachi, Nobuko (ed.). Japanese diasporas: Unsung pasts, conflicting presents, and uncertain futures. Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-135-98723-7. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 海外在留邦人数調査統計 [Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas] (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). 1 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Japan-Mexico Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Japan-Argentina Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  11. ^ "출입국통계". Ministry of Justice, Republic of Korea. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  12. ^ Horie, Ryoichi (20 July 2018). "The Voice of the Ambassador to Micronesia". Association for Promotion of International Cooperation. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  13. ^ "インドネシア基礎データ ｜ 外務省". 外務省.
  14. ^ "5. – Japanese – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz.
  15. ^ "ボリビア基礎データ ｜ 外務省". 外務省.
  16. ^ "Japan-Netherlands Relations (Basic Data)". mofa.go.jp.
  17. ^ "Japanese culture celebrated in Barcelona". catalannews.com. 31 May 2018.
  18. ^ "海外在留邦人数調査統計（平成２８年要約版）" [Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas (Heisei 28 Summary Edition)] (PDF) (in Japanese). 1 October 2015. p. 30. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  19. ^ See also Japanese people in India
  20. ^ "Tourism New Caledonia - Prepare your trip in New Caledonia" (PDF). newcaledonia.co.nz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2008.
  21. ^ "外務省: ご案内- ご利用のページが見つかりません" (PDF). mofa.go.jp.
  22. ^ "Japan-Paraguay Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
  23. ^ Rachel Pritchett. "Pacific Islands President, Bainbridge Lawmakers Find Common Ground". BSUN. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
  24. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ "Macau Population Census". Census Bureau of Macau. May 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  26. ^ "Japan-Peru Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  27. ^ "Japan and Austria – 150 years of friendship". society.at. 29 June 2020.
  28. ^ "ウルグアイ基礎データ ｜ 外務省". 外務省.
  29. ^ "Japan-Cambodia Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  30. ^ "Japan-Ireland Relations (Overview)". mofa.go.jp.
  31. ^ "コロンビア基礎データ ｜ 外務省". 外務省.
  32. ^ "MOFA: Chile".
  33. ^ "Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas" (PDF). www.mofa.go.jp.
  34. ^ "Qatar's population - by nationality". bq Magazine. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014.
  35. ^ "Ancient Japanese pottery in Boljoon town". 30 May 2011.
  36. ^ Manansala, Paul Kekai (5 September 2006). "Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan: Luzon Jars (Glossary)".
  37. ^ Cole, Fay-Cooper (1912). "Chinese Pottery in the Philippines" (PDF). Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Series. 12 (1).
  38. ^ "Philippines History, Culture, Civilization and Technology, Filipino". asiapacificuniverse.com.
  39. ^ さや・白石; Shiraishi, Takashi (1993). The Japanese in Colonial Southeast Asia. SEAP Publications. ISBN 9780877274025.
  40. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan: Japan-Mexico relations
  41. ^ Palm, Hugo. "Desafíos que nos acercan," Archived 15 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine El Comercio (Lima, Peru). 12 March 2008.
  42. ^ Azuma, Eiichiro (2005). "Brief Historical Overview of Japanese Emigration". International Nikkei Research Project. Archived from the original on 19 February 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  43. ^ Furia, Reiko (1993). "The Japanese Community Abroad: The Case of Prewar Davao in the Philippines". In Saya Shiraishi; Takashi Shiraishi (eds.). The Japanese in Colonial Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University Publications. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-87727-402-5. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  44. ^ Shoji, Rafael (2005). "Book Review" (PDF). Journal of Global Buddhism 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2007.

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