Internet outage

An Internet outage or Internet blackout or Internet shutdown is the complete or partial failure of the internet services. It can occur due to censorship, cyberattacks, disasters,^[1] police or security services actions^[2] or errors.

Disruptions of submarine communications cables may cause blackouts or slowdowns to large areas. Countries with a less developed Internet infrastructure are more vulnerable due to small numbers of high-capacity links.

A line of research finds that the Internet with it having a "hub-like" core structure that makes it robust to random losses of nodes but also fragile to targeted attacks on key components − the highly connected nodes or "hubs".^[3]

^ Petersen, Hauke; Baccelli, Emmanuel; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas C.; Schiller, Jochen (27 October 2014). "The Role of the Internet of Things in Network Resilience". Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Vol. 151. Springer, Cham. pp. 283–296. arXiv:1406.6614. Bibcode:2014arXiv1406.6614P. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19743-2_39. ISBN 978-3-319-19742-5. S2CID 10378226.
^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; correspondent, a local (2020-01-05). "'Many lives have been lost': five-month internet blackout plunges Kashmir into crisis". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
^ Doyle, John C.; Alderson, David L.; Li, Lun; Low, Steven; Roughan, Matthew; Shalunov, Stanislav; Tanaka, Reiko; Willinger, Walter (11 October 2005). "The "robust yet fragile" nature of the Internet". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (41): 14497–14502. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214497D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.218.6287. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501426102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1240072. PMID 16204384.

[1] Petersen, Hauke; Baccelli, Emmanuel; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas C.; Schiller, Jochen (27 October 2014). "The Role of the Internet of Things in Network Resilience". Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Vol. 151. Springer, Cham. pp. 283–296. arXiv:1406.6614. Bibcode:2014arXiv1406.6614P. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19743-2_39. ISBN 978-3-319-19742-5. S2CID 10378226.

[2] Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; correspondent, a local (2020-01-05). "'Many lives have been lost': five-month internet blackout plunges Kashmir into crisis". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-01-24.

[3] Doyle, John C.; Alderson, David L.; Li, Lun; Low, Steven; Roughan, Matthew; Shalunov, Stanislav; Tanaka, Reiko; Willinger, Walter (11 October 2005). "The "robust yet fragile" nature of the Internet". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (41): 14497–14502. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214497D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.218.6287. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501426102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1240072. PMID 16204384.

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