Back Halley se Komeet Afrikaans مذنب هالي Arabic Cometa Halley AST Halley kometası Azerbaijani Галлей кометаһы Bashkir Камета Галея Byelorussian Камэта Галея BE-X-OLD Халеева комета Bulgarian হ্যালির ধূমকেতু Bengali/Bangla Halleyjeva kometa BS

Halley's Comet

For other uses, see Halley's Comet (disambiguation).

1P/Halley (Halley's Comet)
A color image of comet Halley, shown flying to the left moon aligned flat against the sky
Halley's Comet on 8 March 1986
Discovery
Discovered byPrehistoric (observation)
Edmond Halley (recognition of periodicity)
Discovery date1758 (first predicted perihelion)
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 August 2061 (2474040.5)
Aphelion35.14 au[2]
(aphelion: 9 December 2023)[2][3]
Perihelion0.59278 au[4]
(last perihelion: 9 February 1986)
(next perihelion: 28 July 2061)[4]
17.737 au
Eccentricity0.96658
74.7 yr
75y 5m 19d (perihelion to perihelion)
0.07323°
Inclination161.96°
59.396°
28 July 2061[4][5]
≈27 March 2134[6][5]
112.05°
Earth MOID0.075 au (11.2 million km)
(epoch 1968)[7]
TJupiter-0.598
Physical characteristics
Dimensions15 km × 8 km[8]
Mean diameter
11 km[7]
Mass2.2×1014 kg[9]
Mean density
0.6 g/cm3 (average)[10]
0.2–1.5 g/cm3 (est.)[11]
~0.002 km/s
2.2 d (52.8 h) (?)[12]
Albedo0.04[13]
28.2 (in 2003)[14]

Halley's Comet, Comet Halley, or sometimes simply Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth,[15] appearing every 75–79 years.[1] It last appeared in the inner parts of the Solar System in 1986 and will next appear in mid-2061.

Halley's periodic returns to the inner Solar System have been observed and recorded by astronomers around the world since at least 240 BC, but it was not until 1705 that the English astronomer Edmond Halley understood that these appearances were re-appearances of the same comet. As a result of this discovery, the comet is named after Halley.[16]

During its 1986 visit to the inner Solar System, Halley's Comet became the first comet to be observed in detail by spacecraft, providing the first observational data on the structure of a comet nucleus and the mechanism of coma and tail formation.[17][18] These observations supported a number of longstanding hypotheses about comet construction, particularly Fred Whipple's "dirty snowball" model, which correctly predicted that Halley would be composed of a mixture of volatile ices—such as water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia—and dust. The missions also provided data that substantially reformed and reconfigured these ideas; for instance, it is now understood that the surface of Halley is largely composed of dusty, non-volatile materials, and that only a small portion of it is icy.

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference MPC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Horizons2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference seeker2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Horizons2061 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Kinoshita was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horizons2134 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference jpldata was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Learn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference mass was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference density was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Peale1989November was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Peale1989 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference dark was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference ESO2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Delehanty was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Halley, Edmund (1705). A synopsis of the astronomy of comets. Oxford: John Senex. Retrieved 16 June 2020 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference post was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference situ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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