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Green sulfur bacteria

Green sulfur bacteria
Green sulfur bacteria in a Winogradsky column
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
(unranked): Bacteroidota–Chlorobiota group
Phylum: Chlorobiota
Iino et al. 2021[3]
Class: "Chlorobia"
Garrity and Holt 2001[2]
Order: Chlorobiales
Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)[1]
Families and Genera
Synonyms
  • Chlorobiota:
    • Chlorobi Iino et al. 2010
    • "Chlorobi" Garrity and Holt 2001
    • "Chlorobaeota" Oren et al. 2015
    • "Chlorobiota" Whitman et al. 2018
  • Chlorobiota:
    • "Chlorobia" Whitman et al. 2018
    • Chlorobea Cavalier-Smith 2002
    • "Chlorobiia" Cavalier-Smith 2020
  • Chlorobiales:
    • "Chlorobiales" Garrity and Holt 2001

The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum, Chlorobiota,[4] of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.[5]

Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except Chloroherpeton thalassium, which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis.[5][6] They live in anaerobic aquatic environments.[7] In contrast to plants, green sulfur bacteria mainly use sulfide ions as electron donors.[8] They are autotrophs that utilize the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle to perform carbon fixation.[9] They are also mixotrophs and reduce nitrogen.[10][11]

  1. ^ Gibbons NE, Murray RGE. (1978). "Proposals Concerning the Higher Taxa of Bacteria". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 28: 1–6. doi:10.1099/00207713-28-1-1.
  2. ^ Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001). "Phylum BXI. Chlorobi phy. nov.". In Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. pp. 601–623.
  3. ^ Oren A, Garrity GM (October 2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987. S2CID 239887308.
  4. ^ "Phylum Chlorobiota". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. 25907. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b Bryant DA, Frigaard NU (November 2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated". Trends in Microbiology. 14 (11): 488–496. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001. PMID 16997562.
  6. ^ Green BR (2003). Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 0792363353.
  7. ^ Kushkevych I, Procházka J, Gajdács M, Rittmann SK, Vítězová M (June 2021). "Molecular Physiology of Anaerobic Phototrophic Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (12): 6398. doi:10.3390/ijms22126398. PMC 8232776. PMID 34203823.
  8. ^ Sakurai H, Ogawa T, Shiga M, Inoue K (June 2010). "Inorganic sulfur oxidizing system in green sulfur bacteria". Photosynthesis Research. 104 (2–3): 163–176. doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9531-2. PMID 20143161. S2CID 1091791.
  9. ^ Tang KH, Blankenship RE (November 2010). "Both forward and reverse TCA cycles operate in green sulfur bacteria". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (46): 35848–35854. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.157834. PMC 2975208. PMID 20650900.
  10. ^ Wahlund TM, Madigan MT (January 1993). "Nitrogen fixation by the thermophilic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum". Journal of Bacteriology. 175 (2): 474–478. doi:10.1128/jb.175.2.474-478.1993. PMC 196162. PMID 8093448.
  11. ^ Feng X, Tang KH, Blankenship RE, Tang YJ (December 2010). "Metabolic flux analysis of the mixotrophic metabolisms in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (50): 39544–39550. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.162958. PMC 2998096. PMID 20937805.

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