Genetically modified insect

A genetically modified (GM) insect is an insect that has been genetically modified, either through mutagenesis, or more precise processes of transgenesis, or cisgenesis. Motivations for using GM insects include biological research purposes and genetic pest management. Genetic pest management capitalizes on recent advances in biotechnology and the growing repertoire of sequenced genomes in order to control pest populations, including insects. Insect genomes can be found in genetic databases such as NCBI,^[1] and databases more specific to insects such as FlyBase,^[2] VectorBase,^[3] and BeetleBase.^[4] There is an ongoing initiative started in 2011 to sequence the genomes of 5,000 insects and other arthropods called the i5k.^[5] Some Lepidoptera (e.g. monarch butterflies and silkworms) have been genetically modified in nature by the wasp bracovirus.^[6]

^ "National Center for Biotechnology Information". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
^ Group, FlyBase Web Development. "FlyBase Homepage". flybase.org. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
^ "Welcome to VectorBase! | VectorBase". www.vectorbase.org. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
^ "BeetleBase |". beetlebase.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
^ "5,000 Insect Genome Project (i5k) Launched | Entomological Society of America". Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
^ Gasmi, Laila; Boulain, Helene; Gauthier, Jeremy; Hua-Van, Aurelie; Musset, Karine; Jakubowska, Agata K.; Aury, Jean-Marc; Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie; Patrick, Susanne (2015-09-17). "Recurrent Domestication by Lepidoptera of Genes from Their Parasites Mediated by Bracoviruses". PLOS Genet. 11 (9): e1005470. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005470. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4574769. PMID 26379286.

[1] "National Center for Biotechnology Information". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-08.

[2] Group, FlyBase Web Development. "FlyBase Homepage". flybase.org. Retrieved 2016-04-08.

[3] "Welcome to VectorBase! | VectorBase". www.vectorbase.org. Retrieved 2016-04-08.

[4] "BeetleBase |". beetlebase.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2016-04-08.

[5] "5,000 Insect Genome Project (i5k) Launched | Entomological Society of America". Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2016-04-08.

[6] Gasmi, Laila; Boulain, Helene; Gauthier, Jeremy; Hua-Van, Aurelie; Musset, Karine; Jakubowska, Agata K.; Aury, Jean-Marc; Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie; Patrick, Susanne (2015-09-17). "Recurrent Domestication by Lepidoptera of Genes from Their Parasites Mediated by Bracoviruses". PLOS Genet. 11 (9): e1005470. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005470. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4574769. PMID 26379286.

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