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| Euglenid Temporal range: Eocene (53.5Ma) - recent[1]
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| Euglena viridis, by Ehrenberg | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Discoba |
| Superphylum: | Discicristata |
| Phylum: | Euglenozoa |
| Class: | Euglenida Butschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997 |
| Major groups | |
| Synonyms | |
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Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of flagellates. They are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta, classified as class Euglenida or Euglenoidea. Euglenids are commonly found in freshwater, especially when it is rich in organic materials, with a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Many euglenids feed by phagocytosis, or strictly by diffusion. A monophyletic group known as Euglenophyceae have chloroplasts and produce their own food through photosynthesis.[2][3][4] This group is known to contain the carbohydrate paramylon.
Euglenids split from other Euglenozoa more than a billion years ago. The plastids in all extant photosynthetic species is the result from secondary endosymbiosis between a phagotrophic eukaryovorous euglenid and a Pyramimonas-related green alga.[5] In January 2024, some fossilized forms of euglenid had been found to be mistakenly classified as Pseudoschizaea shells.[6]
- ^ Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, 4th edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63883-8.
- ^ Karnkowska, Anna; Bennett, Matthew S.; Triemer, Richard E. (2018). "Dynamic evolution of inverted repeats in Euglenophyta plastid genomes". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 16071. Bibcode:2018NatSR...816071K. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34457-w. PMC 6207741. PMID 30375469.
- ^ Yoshihisa Hirakawa (2017). Secondary Endosymbioses. Academic Press. p. 323. ISBN 9780128026809.
- ^ "Algaebase :: Subclass: Euglenophycidae". Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
- ^ Zakryś, B; Milanowski, R; Karnkowska, A (2017). "Evolutionary Origin of Euglena". Euglena: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 979. pp. 3–17. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_1. ISBN 978-3-319-54908-8. PMID 28429314.
- ^ Cassella, Carly (21 January 2024). "Bizarre Fossils Are Neither Plant Nor Animal, But a 'Weird Fusion' of Life". ScienceAlert. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
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