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Borax

For other uses, see Borax (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Borex, Borox, or Borat.

Borax
Borax crystals
Borax crystals
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of borax decahydrate
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of borax decahydrate
Names
IUPAC name
disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate[1]
Other names
  • Borax decahydrate
  • Sodium borate decahydrate
  • Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
  • Sodium tetrahydroxy tetraborate hexahydrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
EC Number
E number E285 (preservatives)
KEGG
RTECS number
  • VZ2275000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;
    Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;
    Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYAP
  • [Na+].[Na+].O0B(O)O[B-]1(O)OB(O)O[B-]0(O)O1.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O
Properties
Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
Molar mass 381.36 g·mol−1
Appearance White or colorless crystalline solid
Density 1.73 g/cm3 (decahydrate, solid)[2]
Melting point 743 °C (1,369 °F; 1,016 K) (anhydrous)[2]
75 °C (decahydrate, decomposes)[2]
Boiling point 1,575 °C (2,867 °F; 1,848 K) (anhydrous)[2]
31.7 g/L [2]
−85.0·10−6 cm3/mol (anhydrous)[2]: p.4.135 
n1=1.447, n2=1.469, n3=1.472 (decahydrate)[2]: p.4.139 
Structure[3]
Monoclinic, mS92, No. 15
C2/c
2/m
a = 1.1885 nm, b = 1.0654 nm, c = 1.2206 nm
α = 90°, β = 106.623°°, γ = 90°
1.4810 nm3
4
Pharmacology
S01AX07 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS08: Health hazard
H360
P201, P308+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[7]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
0
0
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[4]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (anhydrous and pentahydrate)[4][5]
TWA 5 mg/m3 (decahydrate)[6]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[4]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Sodium aluminate
Other cations
 Lithium tetraborate
Related compounds
 Boric acid, sodium perborate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal (/ˈtɪŋkəl/) and tincar (/ˈtɪŋkər/)) is a salt (ionic compound) normally encountered as a hydrated borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na2H20B4O17.[1][a] Borax mineral is a crystalline borate mineral that occurs in only a few places worldwide in quantities that enable it to be mined economically.

Borax can be dehydrated by heating into other forms with less water of hydration. The anhydrous form of borax can also be obtained from the decahydrate or other hydrates by heating and then grinding the resulting glasslike solid it into a powder. It is a white crystalline solid that dissolves in water to make a basic solution due to the tetraborate anion.

Borax is commonly available in powder or granular form and has many industrial and household uses, including as a pesticide, as a metal soldering flux, as a component of glass, enamel, and pottery glazes, for tanning of skins and hides, for artificial aging of wood, as a preservative against wood fungus, as a food additive, and as a pharmaceutic alkalizer. In chemical laboratories it is used as a buffering agent.[1][8]

The terms tincal and tincar refer to the naturally-occurring borax historically mined from dry lake beds in various parts of Asia.[9]

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference NIMH.borax was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference haynes2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference levy1978 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference PGCH57 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference PGCH59 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference PGCH58 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference NFPA2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference CompTox was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference amoz2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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