Bauxite

Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ^ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)₃), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and haematite (Fe₂O₃), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄) and small amounts of anatase (TiO₂) and ilmenite (FeTiO₃ or FeO·TiO₂).^[1]^[2] Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.^[3]

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France.^[4]^[5]

^ Geological Survey (U.S.) (1986). Geological Survey Professional Paper. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2-PA20.
^ "The Clay Minerals Society Glossary for Clay Science Project". Archived from the original on April 16, 2016.
^ "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.
^
P. Berthier (1821) "Analyse de l'alumine hydratée des Beaux, département des Bouches-du-Rhóne" (Analysis of hydrated alumina from Les Beaux, department of the Mouths-of-the-Rhone), Annales des mines, 1st series, 6 : 531–534. Notes:
- In 1847, in the cumulative index of volume 3 of his series, Traité de minéralogie, French mineralogist Armand Dufrénoy listed the hydrated alumina from Les Beaux as "beauxite". (See: A. Dufrénoy, Traité de minéralogie, volume 3 (Paris, France: Carilian-Goeury et Vor Dalmont, 1847), p. 799.)
- In 1861, H. Sainte-Claire Deville credits Berthier with naming "bauxite", on p. 309, "Chapitre 1. Minerais alumineux ou bauxite" of: H. Sainte-Claire Deville (1861) "De la présence du vanadium dans un minerai alumineux du midi de la France. Études analytiques sur les matières alumineuses." Archived April 27, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (On the presence of vanadium in an alumina mineral from the Midi of France. Analytical studies of aluminous substances.), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, 61 : 309–342.
^ Burgess, N. (October 26, 2015). "March 23, 1821: Bauxite Discovered". Earth. Retrieved July 31, 2021.