Amine

In chemistry, amines (/əˈmiːn, ˈæmiːn/,^[1]^[2] UK also /ˈeɪmiːn/^[3]) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds.^[4] Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.^[5] The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of electrons. Amines can also exist as hetero cyclic compounds. Aniline ( ${\ce {C6H5NH2}}$ ) is the simplest aromatic amine, consisting of a benzene ring bonded to an amino (– ${\ce {NH2}}$ ) group.^[6]^[7]

3D diagram of the aromatic compound of aniline. The light black balls are Carbon atoms and white balls are Hydrogen atoms, while the Nitrogen atom is the blue ball.The dots in carbon bonds represent localization of electrons.

Amines are classified into three types: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines. Primary amines (1°) contain one alkyl or aryl substituent and have the general formula ${\ce {RNH2}}$ . Secondary amines (2°) have two alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, with the general formula ${\ce {R2NH}}$ . Tertiary amines (3°) contain three substituent groups bonded to the nitrogen atom, and are represented by the formula ${\ce {R3N}}$ .^[8]

The functional group −NH₂ present in primary amines is called the amino group.^[9]

^ "amine". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins.
^ "Amine definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
^ "amine – definition of amine in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
^ Anderson, Gregory; Fahey, Caryn; Richards, Adrienne; Sauer, Samantha Sullivan; Wegman, David; Booth, Jen (16 February 2024). "26.1 Amines – Structure and Naming". Open Library.
^ Bhuyan, Satyam (25 August 2023). "Amines: Definition, Structure, Type, and Example". Chemistry Learner. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
^ PubChem. "Aniline". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
^ Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Lyons, Kate. "LibGuides: CHE 120 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Textbook: Chapter 5 - Amines and Amides". guides.hostos.cuny.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
^ Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 25 Amines". Organic chemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 949–993. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Archived from the original (Book) on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

[1] "amine". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins.

[2] "Amine definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

[3] "amine – definition of amine in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

[4] Anderson, Gregory; Fahey, Caryn; Richards, Adrienne; Sauer, Samantha Sullivan; Wegman, David; Booth, Jen (16 February 2024). "26.1 Amines – Structure and Naming". Open Library.

[5] Bhuyan, Satyam (25 August 2023). "Amines: Definition, Structure, Type, and Example". Chemistry Learner. Retrieved 27 May 2025.

[6] PubChem. "Aniline". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 27 May 2025.

[Ullmann-7] Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Lyons, Kate. "LibGuides: CHE 120 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Textbook: Chapter 5 - Amines and Amides". guides.hostos.cuny.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2025.

[OChemSmith3E-9] Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 25 Amines". Organic chemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 949–993. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Archived from the original (Book) on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

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