Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate
Names
	IUPAC name Adenosine 5′-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
	Systematic IUPAC name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl trihydrogen diphosphate
	Other names Adenosine 5′-diphosphate; Adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate; Adenosine pyrophosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	58-64-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16761 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL14830 ;
ChemSpider	5800 ;
DrugBank	DB03431 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.356
EC Number	218-249-0;
IUPHAR/BPS	1712;
KEGG	C00008 ;
PubChem CID	6022;
RTECS number	AU7467000;
UNII	61D2G4IYVH ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID60883210 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 Key: XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N ; InChI=1/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 Key: XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUBP;
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O; c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H15N5O10P2
Molar mass	427.201 g/mol
Density	2.49 g/mL
log P	-2.640
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon.^[1]

ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ATP contains one more phosphate group than does ADP. AMP contains one fewer phosphate group. Energy transfer used by all living things is a result of dephosphorylation of ATP by enzymes known as ATPases. The cleavage of a phosphate group from ATP results in the coupling of energy to metabolic reactions and a by-product of ADP.^[1] ATP is continually reformed from lower-energy species ADP and AMP. The biosynthesis of ATP is achieved throughout processes such as substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation, all of which facilitate the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.

^ ^a ^b Cox, Michael; Nelson, David R.; Lehninger, Albert L (2008). Lehninger principles of biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-7108-1.

[Lehninger-1] Cox, Michael; Nelson, David R.; Lehninger, Albert L (2008). Lehninger principles of biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-7108-1.

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