Acoustic attenuation

In acoustics, acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation through an acoustic transmission medium. Most media have viscosity and are therefore not ideal media. When sound propagates in such media, there is always thermal consumption of energy caused by viscosity. This effect can be quantified through the Stokes's law of sound attenuation. Sound attenuation may also be a result of heat conductivity in the media as has been shown by G. Kirchhoff in 1868.^[1]^[2] The Stokes-Kirchhoff attenuation formula takes into account both viscosity and thermal conductivity effects.

For heterogeneous media, besides media viscosity, acoustic scattering is another main reason for removal of acoustic energy. Acoustic attenuation in a lossy medium plays an important role in many scientific researches and engineering fields, such as medical ultrasonography, vibration and noise reduction.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

^ Kirchhoff, G. (1868). "Ueber den Einfluss der Wärmeleitung in einem Gase auf die Schallbewegung". Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 210 (6): 177–193. Bibcode:1868AnP...210..177K. doi:10.1002/andp.18682100602.
^ Benjelloun, Saad; Ghidaglia, Jean-Michel (2020). "On the dispersion relation for compressible Navier-Stokes Equations". arXiv:2011.06394 [math.AP].
^ Chen, Yangkang; Ma, Jitao (May–June 2014). "Random noise attenuation by f-x empirical-mode decomposition predictive filtering". Geophysics. 79 (3): V81–V91. Bibcode:2014Geop...79...81C. doi:10.1190/GEO2013-0080.1.
^ Chen, Yangkang; Zhou, Chao; Yuan, Jiang; Jin, Zhaoyu (2014). "Application of empirical mode decomposition in random noise attenuation of seismic data". Journal of Seismic Exploration. 23: 481–495.
^ Chen, Yangkang; Zhang, Guoyin; Gan, Shuwei; Zhang, Chenglin (2015). "Enhancing seismic reflections using empirical mode decomposition in the flattened domain". Journal of Applied Geophysics. 119: 99–105. Bibcode:2015JAG...119...99C. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.05.012.
^ Chen, Yangkang (2016). "Dip-separated structural filtering using seislet transform and adaptive empirical mode decomposition based dip filter". Geophysical Journal International. 206 (1): 457–469. Bibcode:2016GeoJI.206..457C. doi:10.1093/gji/ggw165.

[Kirchhoff-1] Kirchhoff, G. (1868). "Ueber den Einfluss der Wärmeleitung in einem Gase auf die Schallbewegung". Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 210 (6): 177–193. Bibcode:1868AnP...210..177K. doi:10.1002/andp.18682100602.

[Benjelloun-2] Benjelloun, Saad; Ghidaglia, Jean-Michel (2020). "On the dispersion relation for compressible Navier-Stokes Equations". arXiv:2011.06394 [math.AP].

[emdpf-3] Chen, Yangkang; Ma, Jitao (May–June 2014). "Random noise attenuation by f-x empirical-mode decomposition predictive filtering". Geophysics. 79 (3): V81–V91. Bibcode:2014Geop...79...81C. doi:10.1190/GEO2013-0080.1.

[emdsum-4] Chen, Yangkang; Zhou, Chao; Yuan, Jiang; Jin, Zhaoyu (2014). "Application of empirical mode decomposition in random noise attenuation of seismic data". Journal of Seismic Exploration. 23: 481–495.

[enhemd-5] Chen, Yangkang; Zhang, Guoyin; Gan, Shuwei; Zhang, Chenglin (2015). "Enhancing seismic reflections using empirical mode decomposition in the flattened domain". Journal of Applied Geophysics. 119: 99–105. Bibcode:2015JAG...119...99C. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.05.012.

[dipemd-6] Chen, Yangkang (2016). "Dip-separated structural filtering using seislet transform and adaptive empirical mode decomposition based dip filter". Geophysical Journal International. 206 (1): 457–469. Bibcode:2016GeoJI.206..457C. doi:10.1093/gji/ggw165.

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